l carnitine liquid weight gain Pharma Gainz Nutrition Nutrex Liquid L-Carnitine 3000, 31

Description

doi: 10.1016/s1474-4422(02)00098-4 53 LawrenceJJ

Chronic oral administration of high doses of levocarnitine in patients with severely impaired renal function or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and dialysis patients may lead to accumulation of the potentially toxic metabolites trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), as these metabolites are normally excreted in the urine

Glossary TMAO Trimethylamine N-oxide TCM Traditional Chinese Medicine FMO3 flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 TMA trimethylamine CutC choline TMA lyase DMA dimethylamine OCT2 Organic cation transporter 2 TMADH trimethylamine dehydrogenase ACE-I angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor CRC colorectal cancer NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease PERK protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase IR insulin resistance AT adipose tissue FXR farnesoid X receptor BBR berberine TCA taurocholic acid CVD cardiovascular disease AS Atherosclerosis NPC1L1 Niemann-Pick C1-Like one IL interleukin eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase NO nitric oxide NAC N-acetylcysteine MACE major adverse cardiovascular events RSV resveratrol FGF15 FXR-fibroblast growth factor 15 BA bile acid QXXZF Qing-Xue-Xiao-Zhi Formula AOB Alisma orientalis Beverage HFD high-fat diet VC vascular calcification HMGB1 high-mobility group box 1 protein BBB blood-brain barrier mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin p70S6K 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 4E-BP1 4E-binding protein 1 LTP long-term potentiation AD Alzheimers Disease NFT neurofibrillary tangles A amyloid ROS reactive oxygen species AChEIs acetylcholinesterase inhibitors XAN Xanthoceraside SCP Schisandra chinensis polysaccharides PD Parkinsons Disease SAXS small-angle X-ray scattering REMD replica exchange molecular dynamics BHD Buyang Huanwu Decoction CDG Dihuang Granule PIP Piperine CKD chronic kidney disease DKD diabetic kidney disease YHJF Yi Qi Huo Xue Jiang Zhuo formula ZGJTYS Zuogui-Jiangtang-Yishen Decoction JTD Jiangtang Decoction RCT reverse cholesterol transport NPC1L1 Niemann-Pick C1 ABC ATP-binding cassette CHO cholesterol LR Ligustrum robustum T2D type 2 diabetes DMB 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol References 1 Authors(2024)