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We thank Dr Raymond Thomas (postdoctoral fellow) for published data on brain lipids and Drs Stephan Kahler and Anirudh Saronwala for their insight into propionic metabolism

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For optimum results, L-carnitine L-tartrate, which is often taken for athletic performance or fat loss, should be taken with a fast-acting carbohydrate 30 to 60 minutes before exercising

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