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However, these reactions are slow and inefficient [64]

and 4) inflammation (NSAIDs, microglia modulators)

These can exacerbate side effects and irritate the skin

Some clinicians argue adding KPV may be unnecessary for sensitive patients focused solely on injury recovery, but I highly disagree with this line of thinking

Editor information Editors and Affiliations Rights and permissions Copyright information 2026 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature About this protocol Cite this protocol Lakshmaiah, A., Raghavan, R., Sankara Narayanan, A

Cells treated with TQ (120 M) for six hours showed significant induction of HO-1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels through Nrf2 activation [22, 23]