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This suggests the possibility that lipids themselves, rather than pore-forming proteins, mediate the formation of plasma membrane pores

The high acetaldehyde concentrations described share similarity to symptoms of the flush (flushing of the skin, accelerated heart rate, shortness of breath, throbbing headache, mental confusion and blurred vision)

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Burghardt NS, Park EH, Hen R, Fenton AA

In terms of the study of molecular pathways, Hu et al

Oxygen and glucose deprivation lead to the stabilization and/or upregulation of microglial HIF-1 (Xu et al., 2023), which, in turn, results in increased autophagy, TLR4, IL-1, and IL-18 expression, and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation, suggesting HIF-1 contributes to the proinflammatory phenotype of microglia after a stroke event (Guo et al., 2009