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Evans, G

doi: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.2005.01487.X 111 LianJ.ChengL.WangX.ChenY.DengC.WangY.et al

Its cellular uptake is mediated by the highly specific organic cation transporter OCTN1 (encoded by the SLC22A4 gene), which facilitates accumulation of EGT within mammalian cells even against a concentration gradient

Galangin enables the prolonged ER stress in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by elevating GRP78, GRP94, and CHOP levels, thereby suppressing proliferation (Song W

doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.028

Here's the short version: astaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment that embeds itself in cell membranes and neutralizes free radicals directly