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Unfortunately, vitamin B12 does not occur naturally in most plant-based foods, making it especially necessary for vegans, vegetarians, or those with digestive absorption issues to supplement their intake

Nat Rev Immunol 14:166180

Hydroxocobalamin Injection X 3 Ampoules (Generic for NEO-B12) : Amazon.com.au: Automotive

Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation

This problem has now been overcome by using purified intrinsic factor which does not react with vitamin B12 analogs as the binder in the immune-enzymatic assays (Klee, 2000)

published 1981-1987 in middle-aged chronic insomniacs