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Data Availability Statement Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Changes in brain membrane phospholipid and high-energy phosphate metabolism precede dementia Neurobiol Aging 1995

Further study reveal that a Fubrick tea supplement mitigated obesity induced by a HFD by altering gut microbiota and increased serum levels of caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine, correlating positively with the abundance of the Lachnospiraceae bacterial group (139)

So people at greatest risk for deficiency include those with low stomach acid (e.g., older adults and people on proton pump inhibitors or antacids) or low IF production (known as pernicious anemia), people on medications that interfere with B12 absorption (such as metformin), people who have had gastric surgery, those with GI conditions that impair nutrient absorption (like celiac or Crohn's disease), and people on vegan and vegetarian diets

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2008 Oct;63(10):1027-33