oral glutathione supplementation bioavailability randomized trial Augmented Absorption from Mucosa and its Effect on Skin Pigmentation: A Clinical Review Frontiers | Glutathione: Pharmacological aspects
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4.1.1.15.) (Figure 1)

As a result, AG1 increased NADPH and GSH levels, reduced ROS, and protected cells from oxidative stress

Proc Natl Acad Sci 104:1968619690

However, modern supplement design has changed this

The necrotic nucleus extends outward into a region with low oxygen concentrations, referred to as hypoxia

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