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283,301 Fragmented mitochondria significantly obstruct mitophagy in AD, where PINK1/parkin-regulated mitophagy is a focal point of current research

The primary upstream mechanisms, oxidative stress and endocrine disruption, initiate a cascade of cellular dysfunctions in reproductive tissues [103]

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.006 72 BallDPTaabazuingCYGriswoldAROrthELRaoSDKotliarIBet al

In contrast, transferrin receptor 1 (TFRC), a key mediator of iron import, was not significantly altered in patients with MASLD (Supplemental Figure 3D), indicating that increased hepatic iron burden was more closely associated with impaired iron export rather than enhanced iron import

Modern pharmacological studies have revealed that Prunella possesses antioxidant, immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging functions [75,76]

This enhances the cells intrinsic capacity to counteract oxidative damage while preserving GSH, a crucial non-enzymatic antioxidant 165