l carnitine banned in usa is by wada WADA supports sporting, rather than criminal, sanctions NutraBio® - L-Carnitine 3000 -

It promotes fatty acid metabolism in the body by delivering fatty acids to mitochondria for oxidation and energy generation

2024 Jun 25:1243:124210

Half-maximal stimulation of carnitine transport was obtained at a sodium concentration of 13 2.7 mM in CHO cells expressing the normal OCTN2 cDNA [98, 99], as well as in human fibroblast that express the same transporter (11.4 2.1 mM, [15])

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 123.Bougea A., Spantideas N., Lyras V., Avramidis T., Thomaidis T

While the vast majority of these studies were performed in young, healthy subjects, Ho and colleagues first provided experimental evidence for a favorable impact on recovery following exercise in middle-aged healthy men, with a mean age of 45 years, and women, aged 52 year average [65]

This is partly because ALCAR is partially hydrolyzed (broken down into standard L-carnitine) by enterocytes in the intestines during the absorption process