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NTDs are devastating congenital malformations that can occur as either anencephaly or spina bifida

Therefore, we propose a model in which SMN deficiency perturbs neuronal GABAergic metabolism and signalling in PV+ INs, triggering abnormal L-Gln retention in astrocytes, due to the induced failure of the Gln transporter

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Latifian, Hamdi & Totakhneh (2015).Latifian S, Hamdi K, Totakhneh R

The excessive ROS production can overwhelm the antioxidant defenses, leading to a state of oxidative stress that is detrimental to testicular function ( Experimental varicocele models provide additional mechanistic support for this redox imbalance ( Recent research has also explored the potential of various antioxidant therapies to alleviate oxidative stress in varicocele patients ( In conclusion, the collapse of the antioxidant defense system in the face of oxidative stress represents a critical pathway in the etiology of infertility associated with varicocele