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Haanes and Hkan Ashina 2025 expanded migraine therapeutics beyond CGRP, spotlighting several new biological pathways with translational promise PACAP emerged as the most advanced new target, confirmed as a CGRP-independent pathway with early preventive efficacy Substance P returned as a validated human headache trigger, reopening discussion around neurokinin-based treatments Vascular KATP channels appear to act as a convergence point for multiple migraine mediators, positioning them as a potential broad-spectrum target TRPM3 channels link trigeminal activation with sex hormone modulation, offering insight into sex differences in migraine biology PAR2 highlights neuroimmune crosstalk as a novel therapeutic direction, with preclinical antibody data showing migraine-like pain reduction Bottom line: migraine treatment is moving toward mechanism-based precision care, with multiple new targets now opening doors beyond CGRP More Cephalalgia 2025 editorials coming soon stay tuned

China: 6.8% compound growth, the fastest among tracked countries

A limitation of our study was the absence of muscle biopsy, which could have provided additional data regarding intramuscular LCR levels as well as molecular and cellular responses, including proteins involved in the mTOR pathway

Impact on chick quality: Pale Bird Syndrome: Chicks lack vital carotenoids for early-stage defense

The L-carnitine market is relatively fragmented, with a high level of competition

Bahr C, Groner B