inhibition of schistosoma mansoni thioredoxin-glutathione reductase by auranofin SchistoTGR01.gif The Architecture of Thiol Antioxidant

It is curious that despite low cytoplasmic copper levels, CueO and PcoA exhibit a twin-arginine motif in their leader sequences, suggesting that they are translocated from the cytoplasm by the twin arginine translocation (Tat) pathway with copper-bound active sites (Huffman et al., 2002)

Journal of Peptide Science, 30 (11), Article e3627

The concerns are formulation-level: copper ions can potentially destabilize some retinoid formulations, and layering both in one application step can increase irritation risk in sensitive users

Neurochem Res 49(11):3069

Weight loss, when treated well, becomes less strenuous and easier to attain

That decline correlates with reduced wound healing speed, collagen production, and tissue repair capacity