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133 Because tumor cells exchange intracellular glutamate for extracellular cystine through SLC7A11, intracellular glutamate is consumed, which causes cells to absorb more Gln and activate glutaminase to supplement intracellular glutamate, making cells with high expression of SLC7A11 become Gln-dependent

doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.11

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AGEs can be taken exogenously, through the consumption of food and smoke, or produced endogenously

Formula:C 7 H 16 NO 3 C 4 H 3 O 4 InChI:InChI=1/C7H15NO3.C4H4O4/c1-8(2,3)5-6(9)4-7(10)11;5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h6,9H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b;2-1-/t6-;/m1./s1 InChI key:HNSUOMBUJRUZHJ-UEMBJLSASA-M SMILES:C([N+](C)(C)C)[C@@H](CC(O)=O)O.C(=C/C(O)=O)\C([O-])=O Synonyms: (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate (2Z)-but-2-enedioate (salt) (R)-(3-Carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-trimethyl ammonium fumarate 1-Propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, (2R)-, (2E)-2-butenedioate (1:1) 1-Propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, (2R)-, (2E)-2-butenedioate (1:1) (salt) 1-Propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, (R)-, (E)-2-butenedioate (1:1) (salt) 2-Butenedioic acid (2E)-, ion(1-), (2R)-3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium 2-Butenedioic acid (E)-, ion(1-), (R)-3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium L-Carnitine acid fumarate L-Carntine Fumarate L-(-)-Carnitine fumarate Sort by Purity (%) 0 100 | 0 | 50 | 90 | 95 | 100 Found 7 products