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The role of telomeres in the ageing of human skin

doi: 10.1089/ars.2012.4901 160 KimJ.CastellanoJ

One subject experienced a severe hepatitis flare following withdrawal of NA therapy and required liver transplantation [61]

Ifosfamide is an structural analogue of cyclophosphamide that is widely used antineoplastic agent in various malignancies such as breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, soft tissue sarcomas but its effectiveness has been compromised by its nephrotoxicity.7881 It is a prodrug that is metabolized into active but toxic metabolite chloracetaldehyde (CAA) in order to produce its pharmacological antitumor effect.82 Ifosfamide conversion into nephrotoxic chloracetaldehyde (CAA), mainly in renal proximal tubules, results into renal dysfunction that is associated with oxidative stress and impaired tubular transporters functions which is most commonly presented as Fanconi's syndrome.8385 Sener et al

Hydrogenolytic debenzylation preceded oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to afford diester (4 R ,5 S )- 21 which after hydrolysis gave (2 R ,3 S )- 2 as the hydrochloride (Scheme 5) [53]

Other important sources or modulators of OS include reactive nitrogen species (RNS), including nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite, which can be extremely reactive with proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other molecules in further altering structure and/or functions, leading to detrimental effects for the brain (5)