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Its also a precursor to the powerful neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which improves memory, mood, and muscle control [15]

Metallothionein-3 (MT3), a brain-specific metalloprotein, serves as a primary antioxidant that rapidly responds to oxidative stress

first demonstrated synpositive inclusions within the Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses of the gastrointestinal tract prior to their detection in the CNS, proposing caudorostral propagation via the vagus nerve [19]

Peripherally, BDNF accumulates in the vascular endothelium, neuromuscular synapse, muscle and liver tissue (19), which is essential for neuronal repair when stroke occurs

Reduced function of GPX4 is frequently observed in degenerative disorders

Furthermore, facilitative-carriers, which are sodium-independent, are located either in the luminal side or in both luminal and abluminal membranes (see Tables 1 and 2 for names, substrates and location of each transporter)