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Substrate signaling by insulin: a ketone bodies ratio mimics insulin action in heart

This triggers broken immune tolerance: Overactivated innate immune cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, CD4 + T cells skew toward pro-inflammatory subsets (T-helper 1 [Th1] cells/Th17), T regulatory cell (Treg) function is impaired, and autoantibodies exacerbate inflammation

Hunter, Cell 88:333, 1997)

Guo JD, Zhao X, Li Y, Li GR, Liu XL (2018) Damage to dopaminergic neurons by oxidative stress in Parkinsons disease (Review)

Finally, studies in rodents have shown that increased synthesis of M6G might potentiate heroin withdrawal syndrome

Follow-up includes regular check-ins and protocol adjustments