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Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 18 (7), 15881595

EC can promote smoking cessation as it supplies nicotine to cigarette users and prevents nicotine withdrawal syndromes, which reduces motivation for conventional cigarette smoking

Common signs of nicotine addiction include intense cravings, irritability, difficulty concentrating, continued use even when health issues arise, and physical dependence marked by withdrawal symptoms such as headaches, insomnia, and mood swings when nicotine use is reduced or stopped

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Less oxygen means more strain on your heart and lungs as they work harder to keep the body oxygenated, and this extra stress increases the likelihood of stroke and heart disease for smokers

That adds up to around 22 to 36 mg per standard pack of 20 cigarettes