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"But we need independent evidence to support any claims made by the tobacco industry." By advertising their newer products as safer than traditional cigarettes, manufacturers could find a way to bring back the very marketing schemes built around traditional cigarettes into the mainstream and to a new, younger audience, buying slick magazine ads, sponsoring big-name events, and cultivating a revamped culture of cool around the products

Dr James MacCabe, clinical senior lecturer in Psychosis Studies at the IoPPN, King's College London, said: "While it is always hard to determine the direction of causality, our findings indicate that smoking should be taken seriously as a possible risk factor for developing psychosis, and not dismissed simply as a consequence of the illness." The brain's dopamine system could possibly explain the causal link between smoking and psychosis

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Instead, western expansion after the war widened sectional fissures over slavery and sparked heated political conflicts

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PubMed CrossRef Patel RK, Moore AM, Piper S, et al