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rather, it was found to be complex.40 Further research by Philip Morris determined that the addition of other chemicals (e.g., pyrazine, vanillin, and propylene glycol) increased P 1 -N 2 amplitudes.41 Sensory CSERP studies investigated whether given flavorants stimulated the olfactory nerve, the trigeminal nerve, or both.38 Gullotta, one of the Philip Morris researchers, reported that CSERPs provided an objective measure of both impact and odor discrimination, in that different tobacco flavorants (e.g., natural vs synthetic menthol) affected CSERPs differently, even when smokers were unable to discriminate subjectively.38 In effect, Philip Morris developed a putative method of objectively measuring and quantifying impact.40 Addition of Antioxidants and Mitigants RJ Reynolds investigated the addition of beta-carotene to cigarettes, including development of genetically engineered tobacco plants with genes inserted for beta-carotene production

Department of Health, Australian Government

Nicotine is one of the most harmful, as it is highly addictive and alters brain chemistry

According to the health department, more than 20 percent of high school students use e-cigs, making them more at risk to become smokers

Neurosci Biobehav Rev 84, 289298