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In October 2021, the FDA made its first authorization for the tobacco industry when it sanctioned the marketing of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) products through the Premarket Tobacco Product Application (PMTA) pathway

94 Redox-sensitive activation of the transcription factors, nuclear factor-B and activator protein-1, switches on multiple pro-inflammatory genes in a number of pulmonary cells

Food & Drug Admin., Premarket Tobacco Product Applications , [16] See The Comm

Retrieved 12 February 2026, from [18] The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2024, n.d

The heat source was described broadly as a suitable heating source, but a bulb was suggested specifically by Gilbert

A high and uniform ends stability ensures that the cigarette does not break, crack, or fall apart