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The use of electronic cigarettes increases airway resistance, makes inhalation more difficult, and contributes to the production of highly reactive free radicals, causing an increase in oxidative stress, which in turn is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability [77]

They make less smoke than other e-cigarettes and traditional cigarette smoking, so users can be discrete

FDA regulation before 2016 and no current testing standards for acceptable emissions 6,7

19 FDA (2011)

One study found, among surveyed tobacco users, 36% of LGBT smokers use menthols compared to 29% of heterosexual/straight smokers

Differences in the extent of exposure and resultant effects on hormone levels