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Vaping is banned in public spaces

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[120] [121] On April 2, 2025, the U.S

Though nicotine has been associated with negative health implications, the long-term effects of ENDS containing nicotine consumption are still presently unknown [25]

Given the number of covariates relative to outcome events, the events-per-variable ratio was modest, raising the possibility of model overfitting and wide confidence intervals (type II error). One limitation of our study is that smoking status was recorded as a binary variable (smoker vs

Pre-publication history The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here: Acknowledgements and funding The study was supported by the Research Initiation Grant (RIG) of Dr Lawrence Leung at Queen's University