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However, at a time when the tobacco companies are launching new products which are seen as crucial to their future and yet the safety of these products remains uncertain, the industry is again actively engaging in and funding research.24 Companies conduct research internally but also fund others, and in 2017 Philip Morris International (PMI) set up the FSFW with close to US$1 billion funding which claims to "support medical, agricultural and scientific research".25 Furthermore, much of the evidence relating to the health effects and efficacy of newer products is affiliated with the tobacco industry,26 and researchers have raised concerns regarding industrys research practices: for instance, reporting of tobacco industry-sponsored trials examining e-cigarettes was found to be neither complete nor transparent27 and a strong association was found between authors financial conflicts of interests and tobacco and e-cigarette industry-favourable findings.28 Conduct and reporting of interventional clinical trials studying the effects of heated tobacco products, most of which were affiliated with the industry, were assessed as inappropriate for determining the impact of such products on public health.24 Researchers have also strongly challenged the FSFWs claims of independence and legitimacy.29 30 There has also been criticism of the way the industry communicates with regulators31 and its customer base,32 33 which contrasts with the material it directs to its shareholders,34 and there has been scrutiny of scientific publishing practice, exposing flaws such as failure of industry-funded researchers to disclose conflicts of interest and efforts to circumvent journal policies to exclude the tobacco industry by submitting under third parties.9 25 29 30 35 Scientific events like conferences, symposia and workshops, where ideas and findings are presented and discussed and networks are built, play a key role in the scientific process.36 Internal industry documents reveal that as early as the 1950s, the tobacco industry identified conferences as places where it could manufacture controversy among scientists, controversy that it could later publicise in the media.37 Ever since, as well as creating their own conferences, tobacco companies have sponsored and infiltrated events such as public health conferences, where there is an opportunity to influence discussions on secondhand smoke.3840 The German Association of Cigarette Industry (Verband der Cigarettenindustrie) worked on influencing publications presented at the 4th World Conference on Smoking and Health which focused on the cost of smoking.41 42 At the 6th World Conference on Smoking and Health in Japan in 1987, Japan Tobacco had around 40 scientists presenting "neutral" papers to "change the very nature and tone" of the conference.38 43 In the early 1990s, British American Tobacco (BAT) and PMI sought to undermine the 8th World Conference on Tobacco or Health in Argentina by creating a distraction through the use of media- and science-focused campaigns.8 In the context of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products, conferences were again identified as key arenas by the industry, this time to build its own credibility rather than undermine the credibility of others: according to PMIs 2014 Reduced Risk Products Briefing44 released by Reuters,31 in addition to publications, policy papers and research institutions, posters are listed as scientific engagement "tools"

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Through analysis of a USA-subset of a large cross-sectional online global survey, we test the association between various spliff usage behaviours and likeliness to smoke the first joint within an hour of waking