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Then tolerance develops and greater doses become necessary to be able to avoid withdrawal symptoms and maintain the stimulatory effects

In addition, smokers are more likely to have deeper periodontal pockets and show more severe bone loss

This opens up the issue of causality in addiction

Julie Pearlman July 17th, 2026 I love the work of Frank Robert Dixon and this piece made me smile, and makes me happy every time I look at it

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Bruijnzeel AW, Bishnoi M, van Tuijl IA, Keijzers KF, Yavarovich KR, Pasek TM, Ford J, Alexander JC, Yamada H

Heeschen, C (July 2001)
