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Ghrelin attenuated the vagal afferent activity (Fig

4345 By reducing hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance (IR), and inflammation, GLP-1 RAs may stabilize key metabolic pathways that influence aging trajectories, highlighting their pleiotropic potential to preserve functional health throughout life

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Quality varies, and the safety and accuracy of a compounded medication depends on the pharmacy preparing it

Abbreviations AASLD: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases APASL: Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver BMI: body mass index CCR: C-C chemokine receptor CPGs: clinical practice guidelines CVD: cardiovascular disease EASL: European Association for the Study of Diabetes F: fibrosis FXR: Farnesoid X receptor GIP: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide GLP: glucagon-like peptide-1 HBV: hepatitis B virus HCV: hepatitis C virus HIV: human immunodeficiency virus HS: hepatic steatosis LOXL2: lysyl oxidase-like molecule 2 MAFLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis OCA: obeticholic acid PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors RCT: randomized controlled trial T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus TSH: Thyroid hormone receptor Declarations Acknowledgement This manuscript was supported in English editing from the research team of the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University