glp-1 receptor agonist kidney outcomes semaglutide flow trial 2024 results Effect of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonists and Liraglutide on in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and LEADER Kidney Outcomes With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1

Publications address the pharmacokinetic challenges of oral peptide delivery, real-world effectiveness of approved oral formulations, and emerging technologies for non-injectable administration [11, 12, 35]

Funding: This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82274379), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2022-JYB-JBZR-009), and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine High-level Talent Start-up Research Project (2021-XJ-KYQD-004)

However, large-scale cardiovascular outcome trials for semaglutide have not found a statistically significant increase in the incidence of these conditions in humans

Most tolerate long-term with tweaks, achieving glycemic control and heart protection

But for anyone getting used to being on a GLP-1 medication, getting enough calories from nutrient-dense sources is important and can be more difficult

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1570603 Received 03 February 2025 Accepted 29 April 2025 Published 21 May 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Jared Rutter, The University of Utah, United States Reviewed by Steven Patterson, Glasgow Caledonian University, United Kingdom Elena Jimenez Marti, University of Valencia, Spain Nigel Irwin, Ulster University, United Kingdom Updates Copyright 2025 Koefoed-Hansen, Helsted, Kizilkaya, Lund, Rosenkilde and Gasbjerg