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Back to Journals Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity Volume 19 Gastrointestinal Adverse Effects of GLP-1 and Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonists: A Comprehensive Update in Diabetic and Obese Populations Authors Ylmaz N , Bastemir M Received 27 November 2025 Accepted for publication 13 January 2026 Published 30 January 2026 Volume 2026:19 584175 DOI Checked for plagiarism Yes Review by Single anonymous peer review Peer reviewer comments 4 Editor who approved publication: Dr Halis Akturk Nimet Ylmaz, 1 Mehmet Bastemir 2 1 Department of Gastroenterology, SANKO University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey

Acute kidney injury has occurred, often in the context of severe dehydration from gastrointestinal side effects, emphasising the importance of maintaining adequate hydration

Okerson T, Yan P, Stonehouse A, Brodows R

It is also approved to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events in adults with obesity or who are overweight with established cardiovascular disease

This raises peri-procedural concerns regarding anesthesia/pulmonary aspiration risks, poor visibility, and the need for repeat procedures, all of which contribute to significant time, cost, and resource utilization burden

Best for pre-diabetes and mild overweight (BMI 27-32), not severe obesity