glp 1 agonists and depression Insights into a possible role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor in the treatment of | Pharmacological Reports Alleviation of Depression by Glucagon-Like

74 YuanJ.LiuW.JiangX.HuangY.ZongL.DingH.et al (2024)

Preclinical studies have identified that GLP-1 analogs such as exendin-4 and GLP-1RAs have direct anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory effects that may contribute to their cardio- and neuroprotective nature.[42] GLP-1RAs can also directly interact with cardiomyocytes, inducing receptor-mediated ischemic conditioning that decreases myocardial infarct size in test animals receiving GLP-1RAs.[43] Similar effects were noted in rodent brains, with liraglutide reducing cerebral infarct volume in rats.[42] Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) also identified that exenatide similarly reduced myocardial infarct size and liraglutide reduced the resulting necrotic area in human patients following a MI.[43] This may account for the reduced need for coronary revascularization in patients on GLP-1RAs.[12] Despite the findings of overall improvements to composite cardiovascular outcomes, GLP-1RAs showed a non-significant trend toward reducing MI risk and did not affect rates of hospitalization for unstable angina in patients with diabetes.[12] These agents tend to have a stronger effect on stroke reduction in such patients, highlighting the complexity and variability of cardiovascular disease and its sequelae

have found that progenitor cell division is enhanced after injected subcutaneously GLP-1 agonists exenatide (exendin-4) and liraglutide in the dentate gyrus of brain of mouse models of AD (166)

The body interprets weight loss as a threat to survival and responds by slamming the brakes on metabolism through sophisticated energy-conserving mechanisms

Percentage of subjects with no heavy drinking days: evaluation as an efficacy endpoint for alcohol clinical trials: efficacy endpoint for alcohol trials

Furthermore, they also found that 'a balanced dual agonist in mice engineered to lack GLP-1 receptors still induced weight loss, proving that the compounds were not causing weight loss purely by targeting GLP-1' (Molteni, Chen)