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Nonetheless, there is still some controversy on the in vivo involvement of FFAR2 and FFAR3 in GLP-1 modulation (301, 302), with some reports indicating that blockade of GPR43 in vitro releases GLP-1 (303) and others indicating different mechanisms of action, with FFAR2 releasing PYY from intestinal L-cells (81), while FFAR3 restricted to submucosal neuronal activity (295) despite its apparent expression by the majority of enteroendocrine cells (83)

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doi: 10.1111/dom.13025 107 SchmittCPortronAJadidiSSarkarNDiMarchiR

The between-group differences before matching reflect a typical channelling of SGLT2i to patients at a more advanced disease stage, while GLP-1RA are used more in individuals with obesity

This start low, go slow approach is essential because MCAS patients are notoriously sensitive to medications