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GLP-1RAs can achieve metabolic reprogramming by regulating fatty acid, glucose, and ketone body metabolism, as well as mitochondrial function
Furthermore, targeted delivery of exendin-4 to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) similarly diminished both operant responding for sucrose under a progressive ratio schedule and conditioned place preference for food rewards in rats (Richard et al., 2015)
This approach has initially been promoted by the joint recommendations for a novel treatment algorithm for T2D by the American (ADA) and European Diabetes Associations (EASD) in 2018 that is continuously being updated (16, 17)
An observational cohort study involving 168 pregnant women exposed to GLP-1 receptor agonists during the first trimester found a 2.6% prevalence of major birth defects, comparable to 2.3% in the diabetic reference group
During physical activity, elevated IL-6 levels can slow gastric motility, contributing to enhanced postprandial satiety and improved glycemic control
El-Kharashi et al
