semaglutide fda approval mash Wegovy Receives Accelerated for Treating Novo Nordisk Secures Breakthrough FDA

Liver Metabolism and Hepatic Signaling Research

Others * Long-term metformin use * Proton pump inhibitors (reduce acid absorption) Pathophysiology * Impaired DNA synthesis megaloblastic anemia * Accumulation of methylmalonic acid nerve damage Clinical features Hematological * Fatigue, pallor * Shortness of breath * Megaloblastic anemia Neurological (key distinguishing feature) * Peripheral neuropathy (tingling, numbness) * Loss of vibration and position sense * Ataxia (unsteady gait) * Cognitive changes Severe untreated cases irreversible nerve damage Others * Glossitis (smooth, beefy red tongue) * Mild jaundice Investigations * Serum vitamin B12 * CBC macrocytic anemia ( MCV) * Blood film hypersegmented neutrophils * methylmalonic acid (specific for B12 deficiency) * homocysteine Differentiate from folate deficiency * Both megaloblastic anemia * Only B12 neurological symptoms Management Replacement therapy * Hydroxocobalamin (preferred IM) * Frequent doses initially, then maintenance * Oral B12 if mild and absorption intact Important rule Never give folate alone if B12 deficiency is possible may worsen neurological damage Prevention * Adequate diet (meat, eggs, dairy) * Supplementation in vegans * Monitor high-risk patients (elderly, post-surgery)

High temperatures can increase the risk of dehydration, worsen side effects such as nausea, and affect how medications are stored

Discover how dopamine shapes our thoughts, emotions, and movements, and why unlocking its secrets could transform treatments for some of the most challenging brain disorders.

Do not use Semalix 14 Tablet if you or anyone in your family has had a type of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid carcinoma or if you have multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2)

Most trials were in Phase 2 (40.7%) or Phase 3 (31.3%), indicating a maturing pipeline, while early-stage innovation remained limited (3.3% of trials)