glp-1 agonists with cardiovascular benefit in Diseases: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Emerging Therapies The Many Cardiovascular Benefits of

In doing so, we advocate for a paradigm that moves beyond traditional indications, embracing the full spectrum of GLP-1R agonists in areas such as primary prevention, microvascular protection, and metabolic liver disease, and metabolic disorders that include cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndromea systemic disorder characterized by interrelated metabolic, renal, and cardiovascular dysfunction and a broader cardio-renal-metabolic axis that includes central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and pre-diabetic states

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 12:645566 Zhang Y et al (2022) Network meta-analysis on the effects of finerenone versus SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease

Based on this finding, two incretin-based medications were developed: (1) DPP-4 inhibitors that increase the concentration of GLP-1 by inhibiting it [22], and (2) GLP-1RAs, which act directly on the GLP-1 receptor [23]

13 Classification of the drugs is based on the benefits of clinical studies (Table 2)

sometimes used off-label for weight loss) These medicationsall available as injectables, tablets, or oral dropsare accessible today through a clinician and may be a strong option for people who dont qualify for or dont want to wait to get retatrutide with a clinical trial

Study variability Many of the studies assessed were of relatively low quality (case studies or small study groups) and were therefore underpowered, and potentially had selection biases due to unmeasured confounders