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Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Evaluation in Acute Diarrhea (LEAD): An Observational Study

Seek urgent medical advice or call 999 if you experience: Chest pain accompanied by breathlessness, sweating, or pain spreading to your arm or jaw these may indicate a cardiac cause and require immediate assessment Vomiting blood or passing black, tarry stools, which may indicate gastrointestinal bleeding Severe or sudden abdominal pain, particularly in the upper abdomen or radiating to the back this could suggest pancreatitis, a rare but recognised risk with GLP-1 receptor agonists (as noted in the SmPCs for semaglutide and tirzepatide) Contact your GP promptly if you experience: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or pain on swallowing (odynophagia) these are red-flag symptoms that require assessment regardless of age Unexplained weight loss beyond what is expected from the medication Persistent nausea or vomiting that is not improving Signs of dehydration following repeated vomiting, including dizziness, reduced urination, or extreme thirst Pain in the upper right abdomen, fever, or yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice) these may suggest gallbladder disease, a recognised risk with rapid weight loss and GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy NICE NG12 urgent referral criteria: If you are aged 55 or over and have unexplained weight loss alongside upper abdominal pain, reflux, or dyspepsia, your GP should consider an urgent suspected cancer referral

Retatrutide restores lipid oxidation and alleviates lipotoxic stress Non-targeted metabolomic analysis revealed that HFD feeding significantly perturbed lipid oxidation pathways in eWAT

The ENS also expresses GLP-1 receptors 39 , but the local effects of GLP-1 could not be proven because GLP-1RA was ineffective in our studies in Ussing chamber experiments