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GI AEs arise irrespective of the half-life (long/short action) or route of administration (subcutaneous/oral) of the chosen GLP-1 RA

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duration 24-30 weeks) exenatide once-weekly trials with one uncontrolled period (n = 128), the antibody titers peaked early and subsequently declined [109]

[4] Without continued treatment, most patients regain 6080% of lost weight within 12 years

These limitations reinforce the need for translational biomarkers, such as neuroimaging, pharmacokinetic modeling, and neuroendocrine readouts, to bridge preclinical and clinical data