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Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide is a growth factor for (INS-1) cells by pleiotropic signaling

These mechanisms are the basis for the highly efficacious GLP-1 analogues that today offer safe and effective treatment in millions of people living with obesity

Peptides with short half-lives were often dismissed because efficacy could not be sustained, even when acute biological effects were robust

doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.11.2628

That conceptual shift has profound implications for how these drugs are prescribed, evaluated, and reimbursed

Regulation of the biological activity of glucagon-like peptide 2 in vivo by dipeptidyl peptidase IV