gip glp-1 dual agonist GIPR/GLP-1R therapies for diabetes and weight loss– Chemistry, Physiology and Clinical application Cardiorenal Outcomes With GLP-1 vs.

5,6,7 GLP-1 is a peptide produced by the cleavage of proglucagon, mainly synthesized in the intestinal mucosal L-cells, pancreatic islet -cells, and neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract

While GLP-1RAs were initially developed for glycemic control in T2DM, accumulating evidence supports their utility in managing obesity independent of diabetes

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Action in the Vasculature

There have been equally favorable observations in healthy volunteers with obesity and patients with either diabetes, stable coronary artery disease or unstable coronary artery disease

however, most of the studies accept the definition of WR as 10 kg of weight gain after reaching nadir weight

Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs may confer cardiovascular protection, neuroprotective benefits, and positive effects on mental health