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Therefore, DPP-4 inhibitors may have pleiotropic effects

The more you have, the higher your resting metabolism and the better your long-term outcomes

demonstrated that the DPP4-inhibitor vildagliptin reduces lipid accumulation by inhibiting adipogenesis, without affecting lipolysis through NPY cleavage and subsequent NPY Y2 receptor activation (77)

Patients experiencing severe nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, or known gastroparesis before surgery may require individualized anesthesia planning, delayed procedures, modified fasting instructions, or additional airway precautions to reduce aspiration risk

12 Additionally, metabolic abnormalities are strongly correlated with OA in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing joints, suggesting that the pathogenesis of OA is linked to oxidative stress and inflammation, which are hallmarks of cardiometabolic disease

5,6 Along with lifestyle changes, oral medications, such as metformin, may be prescribed