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Tanaka Y et al (2020) Amiselimod, a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 modulator, for systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter, open-label exploratory study

Studies have demonstrated that hippocampal neurons are highly sensitive to the effects of systemic cytokines, which can alter synaptic plasticity, reduce long-term potentiation (LTP), and impair neurogenesis (Venkateshappa et al., 2012

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As natural glutathione levels decline with age, IV glutathione therapy becomes a valuable tool for maintaining youthfulness, vitality, and optimal health over time

Working with an animal model of MS as well as human post-mortem brains, the researchers found that fingolimod suppresses neuroinflammation by functionally and physically regulating B 12 communication pathways, specifically elevating a B 12 receptor called CD320 needed to take up and use needed B 12 when it is bound to TCN2, which distributes B 12 throughout the body, including the CNS

Whereas higher levels of GSH in the IPL in younger adults may be indicative of excessive oxidative stress (impairing cognitive processing), in older adults higher GSH levels in the IPL may be indicative of a healthy adaptive antioxidant response