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Comparative effectiveness and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in older adults

Evidence indicates that GLP-1RAs confer substantial cardiovascular and renal benefits

Exenatide extended-release (Bydureon/BCise) carries a boxed warning regarding thyroid C-cell tumors based on rodent studies and is contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2

Side effects are often dose-dependent

While most people tolerate them well, its helpful to know what side effects to expect, especially in the first few weeks of treatment: nausea vomiting diarrhea constipation headaches fatigue These symptoms are well-documented across clinical trials and often appear during the dose escalation phase

3 If initial therapy with metformin and lifestyle efforts are not adequate to achieve individualized glycemic targets, the guidelines recommend that patients should progress to dual therapy by adding either another oral agent, basal insulin, or an injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist