mechanism of action of glp-1 receptor agonist The Impact Agonists on Ocular Disease Mechanism of action of GLP-1

Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) is the only medication specifically approved for moderate to severe BED in adults, typically used alongside psychotherapy

Oral semaglutide has proven to be noninferior to placebo in high-risk patients in a pre-approval study (30), and a larger trial to evaluate the long-term cardiovascular benefit of oral semaglutide is ongoing (NCT03914326)

However, semaglutides share is projected to decline to 37% by 2035, as tirzepatide emerges as the new market leader

Several factors contribute to these elevated costs: Patent protection Most GLP-1 medications are still under patent, preventing generic competition Manufacturing complexity These are biologic medications that require specialized production processes Research and development costs Pharmaceutical companies invest heavily in clinical trials and regulatory approval Market positioning These medications are often priced as premium treatments Without insurance coverage, patients face the full retail price, which can make these medications financially inaccessible for many people who need them

Early proof-of-concept and phase 2 studies suggested that tirzepatide can improve both markers of beta cell function and insulin sensitivity compared with selective GLP-1 RA therapy [9, 10]

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