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2005 Jan;194(1-2):55-59. [PMID: 14624358]

Of note, BH 4 is also a cofactor of phenylalanine hydroxylase, which converts phenylalanine to tyrosine, a precursor to catecholamines

10.1155/2022/1767421 483 WuM.ChengY.ZhangR.HanW.JiangH.BiC.et al

On the other hand, citrulline can reduce inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory factors [74]

Researchers identified that certain fragments of -MSH exhibited potent beneficial properties, even in isolation from the full hormone

Furthermore, during infectious processes in ME/CFS patients, both increased proinflammatory cytokines and increased oxidative and nitrosative stress due to activation of microglia via TLR3 could lead to increased IDO activity in microglia, resulting in reduced tryptophan levels (increased its catabolism), increased kynurenine catabolites, and decreased 5-HT and melatonin synthesis [366, 367]