glp-1 concentration metabolite GLP-1(9–36) is a systemic inhibitor of mouse and human pancreatic islet glucagon secretion | Diabetologia Understanding GLP-1 Vials: Concentration, Dose,

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022;13:863592.PubMedPMC 43

The questionnaire asks: Do you have a personal or family history of pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer? This screening prevents potentially life-threatening complications

The small number of outcome events in this study, which recorded only 70 events among 25,617 users of GLP-1RAs and had only 6,622 patients on GLP-1RAs remaining two years after cohort entry, has limited statistical power

In EMPA-KIDNEY, which enrolled more than 6,600 patients, Jardiance combined with standard of care elicited a 28% relative risk reduction in kidney disease progression, defined as end-stage kidney disease, or cardiovascular death compared with placebo plus standard of care

Unless severe and persistent, delayed gastric emptying may represent a marker of underlying gastric neuromuscular dysfunction rather than the cause of symptoms

Food noise also includes emotional eating, and external eating (eating in response to external triggers, regardless of hunger) (Mozafariun 2025) often showing up in the afternoon and/or evening